Patient Education Handout
Why Eye Exams Matter
Sickle cell disease can affect the retina. The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye responsible for vision.
Blocked blood vessels can reduce oxygen flow and lead to abnormal blood vessel growth, bleeding, and
vision loss. Retinal damage often develops without early symptoms.
• Many patients have NO symptoms in early stages.
• Retinal disease can progress silently before vision changes occur.
• Annual dilated retinal exams are essential — even if your vision feels normal.
• HbSC genotype carries higher risk for proliferative retinopathy, but all genotypes require
screening.
Seek Immediate Care If You Notice:
• Sudden vision loss
• New floaters
• Flashes of light
• Dark spots, shadows, or a curtain in your vision
• Eye pain with vision changes
What Happens During a Retina Exam?
• Dilated eye exam
• Retinal imaging if needed
• Evaluation of blood vessels in the back of the eye
• Discussion of symptoms and overall sickle cell health
Treatment Options (If Needed)
• Observation and close monitoring for mild disease
• Laser treatment to reduce abnormal blood vessel growth
• Injections to prevent new vessel formation
• Surgery in advanced cases such as bleeding or retinal detachment
Protecting your vision is part of protecting your whole body. Coordinate your eye care with your
hematology team and ask specifically for annual dilated retinal exams. This resource is for educational
purposes only and is not medical advice.
Where To Go?
Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/wilmer
Retina Group of Washington has locations across the Washington, DC metropolitan area.
Retina Specialist Ophthalmologists | RGW | Eye Surgeons & Doctors MD VA DC